Market sentiment at lowest in 10 months...

BEFORE we get to looking at those three charts, I want to talk about trade for a moment, writes Frank Holmes at US Global Investors.

The Trump administration made good on its threat to raise tariffs on as much as $200 billion worth of Chinese imports to 25% from the previous 10%. The President also said that a decision could be made soon on whether to impose the same 25% rate on an additional $325 billion of Chinese goods, which, all told, would cover approximately the total amount of goods the US imported from China in 2018.

So what does this mean? As I've made clear elsewhere, a tariff – beside being a strain on international relations – is essentially a tax that must be paid to the US government before a shipment can clear customs.

But here's the kicker: Tariffs are typically paid not by the exporting company but by the importer. In other words, it's US-based companies that are picking up the tab – then passing the extra expense on to American consumers.

With the exception of the US Treasury, which collects the tariff payments, few stand to benefit here. A February study by Washington-based Trade Partnership Worldwide (TPW) estimated that 25% tariffs on Chinese goods cost families of four close to $2,300 extra on average per year. They also have the potential to impact upwards of 2.2 million American jobs as well as risk diverting trade to other markets.

"By any measure, the imposition of tariffs by the United States and US imports of steel, aluminum, motor vehicles and parts...is a net loss for the US economy and US workers," the report reads. Workers "experience greater losses than gains," and in many cases, according to TPW, "the tariff actions erase all of the anticipated gains from tax reform."

Stocks may still have further to slide before a resolution to the trade dispute is reached. But for now this could be a good opportunity for investors to pick up some distressed stocks as we await mean reversion.

I recommend that investors who seek to get access to the robust US economy but limit their exposure to international trade would do well to look at high-quality small and mid-cap equities. Smaller firms, those with market caps between $1 billion and $10 billion, have the potential to outperform right now because they rely much less on trade than their larger multinational peers. They're also supported by a stronger US Dollar.

I would also recommend considering government and investment-grade municipal bonds, which historically have helped investors improve their risk-adjusted returns in times of economic uncertainty.

And of course there's always exposure to gold and other metals that are expected to be in greater demand in the coming years, copper chief among them.

Below are three charts that I think will convince investors that time is running out to prepare for the next major downturn. All charts and data were brought to my attention by Michael Kantrowitz, head of portfolio strategy at market research firm Cornerstone Macro, who visited our office last week.

#1. Is US Manufacturing Growth Projected to Stall?
I recently reported that the ISM Manufacturing Index for the US fell sharply in April to 52.8, down from 55.3 in March. This means that although the manufacturing sector is still expanding, it's doing so at a much slower pace. What's more, the manufacturing index could soon fall below 50.0, indicating a slowdown. For this we'd largely have the Federal Reserve to thank.

That's according to Michael, who pointed out to us that every Fed tightening cycle going back to the 1950s has preceded a pullback in the ISM Manufacturing Index. And each of these pullbacks coincided with an economic recession and/or market selloff. (One notable exception was 1995, when the market continued to rally despite manufacturing weakness.)

So will this time be different?

I'll let my friend Bob Moriarty – whose excellent book Basic Investing in Resource Stocks I reviewed earlier this month – tackles this one:

"The most dangerous words in investing are 'This time it's different.' It's never different."

#2. Trying to Predict Future Earnings Per Share Growth? Monitor Lumber Prices
One of the most eye-opening charts Michael shared illustrates the close relationship between lumber prices and future earnings per share (EPS) growth for the stock market.

"Believe it or not," he told us, "lumber prices are among the most reliable leading indicators available."

I believe it. Housing is a massive part of the US economy, contributing between 15% and 18% to gross domestic product (GDP) according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB).

Housing also has an extremely high multiplier effect. Every 100 homes in the US can support up to 70 jobs on average and generate as much as $4.1 million in local income on an ongoing annual basis.

So it stands to reason that lumber prices can give us an incredibly accurate forecast of where the market is headed. In the chart below, lumber prices have been advanced forward six months to illustrate the lag time between changes in price and EPS estimates. When lumber tanked over the 12-month period, EPS followed around six months later. And when lumber soared, EPS estimates shot up.

You may have already detected the warning signal that lumber's flashing right now. From its high in May of last year, the lumber price has plunged almost 50%. That's the commodity's sharpest 12-month decline on record. Going forward, then, keep your eyes on earnings, which are a central driver of stock prices.

#3. New York Fed on Recession Watch
Every month, the New York Fed updates its probability of an economic recession in the next 12 months. Probabilities are calculated using the spread between the 10-year and three-month Treasury yield – which inverted again in early May for the first time since March.

According to the Fed's most recent report, the probability that a recession will make landfall between now and April 2020 rose to 27.49%, its highest reading since January 2007 (as it was ascending, not falling), and before that, September 1999.

Past performance does not guarantee future results, of course, but the point I'm trying to make by sharing these charts is that it might be time to consider making some adjustments to your portfolio.

That doesn't mean rotating entirely into safe havens, especially since the market is so oversold right now.

But if you're concerned about what the data suggests, it might be prudent to ensure you have exposure to fixed income, specifically tax-free muni bonds, as well as gold and gold stocks.